Finding Optimal Installation Depth of Strong Motion Seismometers for Seismic Observation

Seokho Jeong; Doyoon Lim; Eui-Hong Hwang; Jae-Kwang Ahn

doi:10.14481/jkges.2023.24.2.31

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2023 Vol.24, Issue 2 Preview Page

Finding Optimal Installation Depth of Strong Motion Seismometers for Seismic Observation 지진 관측을 위한 최적 설치심도 조사 방법 연구

1 February 2023. pp. 31-40

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Abstract

We installed temporary strong motion seismometers at the ground surface, 1 m, 2 m, and 9 m at an existing seismic station that houses permanent seismometers installed at 20 m and 100 m, to investigate the influence of installation depth on the recorded ambient and anthropogenic noise level and the characteristics of earthquake signals. Analysis of the ambient noise shows that anthropogenic noise dominates where vibration period T < 1 s at the studied site, whereas wind speed appears to be strongly correlated with the noise level at T > 1 s. Frequency-wavenumber analysis of 2D seismometer array suggests that ambient noise in short periods are predominantly body waves, rather than surface waves. The level of ambient noise was low at 9 m and 20 m, but strong amplification of noise level at T < 0.1 s was observed at the shallow seismometers. Both the active-source test result and the recorded earthquake data demonstrated that the signal level is decreased with the increase of depth. Our result also shows that recorded motions at the ground and 1 m are strongly amplified at 20 Hz (T = 0.05 s), likely due to the resonance of the 3 m thick soil layer. This study demonstrates that analysis of ambient and active-source vibration may help find optimal installation depth of strong motion seismometers. We expect that further research considering various noise environments and geological conditions will be helpful in establishing a guideline for optimal installation of strong motion seismometers.

Keywords

Earthquake early warning

Ambient noise

Site effect

Seismic intensity

본 연구는 고밀도 지진 관측망 구축 시 지표 가속도 측정 및 조기경보 활용을 위한 효율적 관측소 설치 방법을 수립하기 위하여 테스트베드에 지표, 1m, 2m, 9m 깊이의 임시관측소를 설치하여 상시 잡음, 인공 가진 신호 및 지진 계측 자료의 깊이별 변화를 분석하였다. 연구대상지의 상시 잡음 분석 결과 1s 이하의 단주기 영역은 주변의 인위적 잡음이 우세하였으며, 1s 이상 장주기 영역은 풍속의 변동과 큰 상관성을 보였다. 2차원 지진계 배열을 통한 상시 잡음 진동수-파수(FK) 분석 결과 단주기 상시 잡음은 표면파 보다는 주로 체적파의 형태로 유입되는 것으로 추정된다. 잡음 수준 분석 결과 9m 이하에서는 낮은 수준의 상시 잡음이 관측되었으나, 지표, 1m, 2m 지진계에서는 토사층의 동적 거동에 의해 T < 0.1s에서 잡음의 증폭이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 인공 가진실험 및 괴산지진 계측 자료 분석 결과 전반적으로 깊이가 깊어질수록 신호의 크기가 감소함을 확인하였으며, 스펙트럼비 및 응답스펙트럼 분석 결과 지표와 1m에서 3m 깊이 토사층의 고유진동수에 해당하는 20Hz(T=0.05s) 대역의 지반운동이 크게 증폭되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 상시미동과 가진실험을 통해 대상구간의 관측환경을 조사하여 지진계 설치 방법 및 깊이 선정 시 활용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 향후 다수의 지역에서 다양한 환경을 고려한 연구가 진행된다면 관측소 설치 깊이, 설치 방법, 환경 조사방법에 대한 가이드라인을 제시하는데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

키워드

지진 조기경보

상시 잡음

지반증폭효과

지진 진도

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Information

Publisher :Korean Geo-Environmental Society
Publisher(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회 논문집
Volume : 24
No :2
Pages :31-40
Received Date : 2023-01-14
Revised Date : 2023-01-17
Accepted Date : 2023-01-26
DOI :https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2023.24.2.31

Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society ISSN:1598-0820(Print) 2714-1233(Online) 한국지반환경공학회 논문집

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