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2026 Vol.27, Issue 7
Study on Characteristic of Liquefaction Resistance of Busan’s Coastal Sand

부산 해안 모래의 액상화 저항 특성에 관한 연구

Donghun Lee1
,
Joohyun Lee2
,
Jongchan Yoon3
,
Jinman Kim4*
이 동훈1
,
이 주현2
,
윤 종찬3
,
김 진만4*
1Ph.D Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University
2Ph.D Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University
3Postdoctoral Researcher, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Pukyong National University
4Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Pusan National University
*Corresponding Author
1 July 2026. pp. 5-14
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Abstract

Since 2016, earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 5.0 recorded in Korea include the July 2016 Ulsan offshore earthquake, the September 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, and the November 2017 Pohang earthquake, all of which occurred in regions geographically close to Busan. In particular, the magnitude 5.4 earthquake that struck Pohang on November 15, 2017, officially reported localized evidence of soil liquefaction. Accordingly, this study conducted a systematic evaluation of liquefaction resistance characteristics for the Busan area, where coastal reclaimed land and sandy deposits are widely distributed. In this study, four representative coastal sites in Busan (Songdo, Haeundae, Songjeong, and Ilgwang) were selected, and in-situ sand samples were collected for laboratory testing. The samples were tested under specified relative density and effective confining pressure conditions using a direct simple shear (DSS) apparatus to perform cyclic simple shear tests. Liquefaction triggering conditions were evaluated by progressively increasing the cyclic stress ratio (CSR). In addition, the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) was derived from the test results to compare and analyze liquefaction resistance characteristics among the sites. The results showed that among the four sites, the sands from Haeundae exhibited the lowest CRR value. Grain size distribution analysis further indicated that this sample falls within a particle size range generally considered susceptible to liquefaction.

Keywords
Liquefaction
Earthquake
Relative density
Cyclic stress ratio
Cyclic resistance ratio

2016년 이후 국내에서 관측된 규모 5.0 이상의 지진으로는 2016년 7월 울산 동구 해역 지진, 2016년 9월 경주 지진, 2017년 11월 포항 지진이 있으며, 이들 모두 부산과 지리적으로 인접한 지역에서 발생하였다. 특히 2017년 11월 15일 경북 포항에서 발생한 규모 5.4 지진의 경우, 공식 보고를 통해 액상화 현상에 대한 흔적이 일부 확인된 바 있다. 이에 따라 해안 매립지 및 사질지반이 광범위하게 분포하는 부산 지역을 대상으로, 지진으로 인한 액상화 저항 특성에 관한 체계적인 평가를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 부산광역시 연안의 대표 지점 4개소(송도, 해운대, 송정, 일광)를 선정하고, 각 지점에서 원지반 모래 시료를 채취하여 실내 시험을 수행하였다. 채취 시료는 설정된 상대밀도와 유효구속압 조건에서 직접단순전단(DSS, direct simple shear) 장비를 이용하여 반복단순전단시험을 실시하였으며, 진동저항응력비(CSR, cyclic stress ratio)를 단계적으로 증가시키면서 액상화 발생 조건을 평가하였다. 또한 시험 결과로부터 액상화 전단저항응력비(CRR, cyclic resistance ratio)를 산정하여 대상 지점 간 액상화 저항 특성을 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과, 4개 지점 중 해운대 모래의 CRR이 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 입도분포 분석 결과 해당 시료는 일반적으로 액상화에 취약한 입도 범위에 포함됨을 확인하였다.

키워드
액상화
지진
상대밀도
진동저항응력비
액상화 전단저항응력비
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 27
  • No :7
  • Pages :5-14
  • Received Date : 2026-03-16
  • Revised Date : 2026-05-13
  • Accepted Date : 2026-06-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2026.27.7.5
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