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2025 Vol.26, Issue 10 Preview Page
Analyses of Spatial Interpolation Methods on Groundwater Level Considering Quarterly Fluctuations

분기별 변동성을 고려한 지하수위 공간보간 기법 분석

Sunghyuk Park1
,
Teawan Bang2
,
Wanjei Cho3*
박 성혁1
,
방 태완2
,
조 완제3*
1Graduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University
2Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University
3Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University
*Corresponding Author
1 October 2025. pp. 21-29
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Abstract

Ongoing climate change intensifies seasonal groundwater fluctuations, a critical parameter in geotechnical engineering directly influencing effective stress and subsurface structures. Such seasonal variations affect geotechnical analysis accuracy (e.g., liquefaction, slope stability), yet current practice often neglects spatio-temporal variability by assuming static levels or using simple interpolation. To address this issue, this study analyzed quarterly fluctuations in groundwater levels and their relationship with topographical factors, using data from 266 boreholes and four monitoring wells in the Hyeongsan River basin, Pohang, South Korea. Three spatial interpolation techniques were applied using GIS (Geographic Information System) to estimate regional groundwater distributions, and their accuracy was evaluated against monitoring well data. Results showed that Kriging yielded the most stable performance with relatively low prediction errors. The spatial distribution and variability maps generated using this optimal method clearly demonstrated how groundwater fluctuations are influenced by topographical factors and revealed their regional patterns. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating seasonal variability and spatial continuity in groundwater modeling to improve the reliability of geotechnical design and risk assessment.

Keywords
Boreholes
Groundwater fluctuations
Monitoring wells
Spatial interpolation
Topographical factors
Variability maps

지하수위는 강수량, 하천 상호작용, 지질 및 지형 등의 복합적 요인에 의해 시·공간적으로 변동하며, 기초구조물의 안정성과 사용성에 지대한 영향을 미친다. 최근 이상기후와 장기 가뭄 현상의 반복은 이러한 지하수위의 시·공간적 변동성과 불규칙성을 심화시켜 적절한 지하수위 산정에 대한 연구의 필요성을 높이고 있다. 그러나 기존의 지하수위 산정 방식은 시추공의 단일 시점 자료에 국한되어 실제 변동 특성을 충분히 반영하지 못하며, 이는 지반공학적 해석 및 설계의 신뢰성 저하로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서 지하수위의 시·공간적 변동 특성을 정확히 평가하고 예측하기 위한 최적의 분석 방법론 제시가 요구된다. 본 연구는 포항시 형산강 일대를 대상으로 266개 시추공과 4개 관측정 자료를 활용하여 지하수위의 계절별 시계열 변동성과 지형 요인의 영향을 분석하였다. 또한, GIS 기반의 세 가지 공간보간 기법을 적용하여 관측정 수위와 비교하였고, 기법 간 예측 정합성을 검토하였다. 분석 결과, Kriging이 상대적으로 낮은 오차와 정밀한 예측을 보였다. 최종 선정된 Kriging 기법의 지하수위 분포 및 변동성 지도는 지표면 고도가 낮고 하천에 인접할수록 지하수위 변동 폭이 커지는 지형적 영향과 광역적 분포 특성을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 지하수위의 시·공간적 특성을 반영한 산정 기법의 기초자료를 제공함으로써, 향후 지반 안정성 평가 및 설계의 신뢰성 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

키워드
시추공
지하수위 변동성
관측정
공간보간 기법
지형적 요인
지하수위 변동성 지도
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 26
  • No :10
  • Pages :21-29
  • Received Date : 2025-08-18
  • Revised Date : 2025-08-21
  • Accepted Date : 2025-09-10
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2025.26.10.21
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