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2025 Vol.26, Issue 11 Preview Page
Applicability of InSAR for Monitoring Ground Movements in Reclaimed Land

InSAR 기법의 간척 현장 적용성 검토

Junbeom An1
,
Donggyou Kim2
,
Chulhee Lee1
,
Dongku Kim3*
안 준범1
,
김 동규2
,
이 철희1
,
김 동구3*
1Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT)
2Senior Research Fellow, Department of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT)
3Senior Researcher, Department of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT)
*Corresponding Author
1 November 2025. pp. 27-41
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Abstract

Land reclamation projects inevitably induce consolidation of soft ground due to filling and embankment loading, which may lead to residual settlement and subsequent structural distress after construction. To ensure construction quality and evaluate long-term serviceability, the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique has emerged as a promising tool for continuous, wide-area monitoring of ground deformation. This study investigates the applicability of satellite-based InSAR techniques for settlement monitoring in reclaimed land. A Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) analysis was first performed using Sentinel-1 C-band SAR images acquired between 2017 and 2025 over the western container terminal site of the Busan New Port, Republic of Korea, to identify stable reference ground control points. Based on this reference points, three time-series InSAR algorithms (SBAS; Small Baseline Subset, E-SBAS; Enhanced SBAS, E-PS; Enhanced PS-InSAR) were applied with varying temporal configurations to assess their monitoring applicability. During the construction periods, rapid surface deformation caused severe coherence loss and phase discontinuities, preventing stable interferometric observations. Although the E-PS technique yielded lower spatial density of observations, it provided a clearer settlement trend and stronger agreement with ground-based measurements compared with SBAS and E-SBAS. After construction, the coherence and observation density markedly improved across all methods, even the E-PS results exhibited consistent coverage throughout the site. These findings confirm that PS-based InSAR techniques are more effective than DS-based approaches for reliably capturing long-term settlement behavior in reclaimed areas. For accurate interpretation of InSAR monitoring, however, a prior knowledge of construction methods, schedules, subsurface conditions, and underlying deformation mechanisms remains essential.

Keywords
InSAR
Land reclamation
Ground movement
Sentinel-1
Monitoring

간척사업은 성토 및 매립을 통해 하부 연약지반의 압밀침하를 유발하고, 시공 이후 잔류침하로 인해 상부 시설물의 손상을 야기할 수 있다. 시공 품질 관리와 장기적인 사용성 평가를 위해 넓은 영역의 지표침하를 장기간 상시 계측할 수 있는 InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) 기법이 점차 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위성을 활용한 InSAR 기법의 간척 현장 지표변위 모니터링 적용 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 부산신항 서컨테이너터미널 부지를 대상으로 2017년부터 2025년까지의 Sentinel-1 위성 C-band SAR 영상을 이용한 PS(Persistent Scatterer)-InSAR 분석을 수행하여 안정적인 참조 기준점을 선정하였다. 이를 활용하여 세 가지 시계열 InSAR 분석 기법(SBAS; Small Baseline Subset, E-SBAS; Enhanced SBAS, E-PS; Enhanced PS-InSAR)을 분석기간을 달리하여 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 성토 및 지반개량공법이 적용된 시기에는 단기간에 큰 변위가 발생하여 긴밀도의 저하와 위상 불연속으로 인해 안정적인 관측이 어려웠다. 긴밀도가 높은 PS를 활용한 E-PS 기법의 경우 관측 밀도는 낮으나 SBAS, E-SBAS 기법에 비해 침하 추세가 뚜렷하고 실제 계측치와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 시공이 완료되어 나대지 상태로 전환된 이후에는 모든 기법에서 관측 밀도가 높아지며, E-PS 기법 역시 대상부지 전역에서 충분히 많은 수의 관측 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 간척지를 대상으로 지표변위를 장기 모니터링함에 있어 위성 InSAR 기법은 충분히 효과적일 것으로 예상된다. 다만 InSAR 관측 결과를 해석하기 위해 대상 지역의 시공 방법과 시공 일정, 지반 조건 및 지표 변위 발생 메커니즘 등에 대한 사전 이해가 선행될 필요가 있다.

키워드
InSAR
간척
지반침하
Sentinel-1
모니터링
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 26
  • No :11
  • Pages :27-41
  • Received Date : 2025-10-17
  • Revised Date : 2025-10-20
  • Accepted Date : 2025-10-28
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2025.26.11.27
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