All Issue

2026 Vol.27, Issue 3 Preview Page
Fuel Characteristics of a Non-Woody Biomass Solid Fuel Produced from Coffee Grounds and Inorganic Additives

커피박과 무기성 자원을 활용한 비목재계 바이오매스 고체연료의 연료 특성 평가

Wonseok Seo1
,
Jungkwon Kim2*
서 원석1
,
김 정권2*
1Vice President of Gangneung Youngdong University
2Professor of Gangneung Youngdong University
*Corresponding Author
1 March 2026. pp. 29-33
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study investigated the fuel performance and combustion residue characteristics of a non-woody biomass solid fuel using spent coffee grounds as the primary organic fuel source, with seashell-derived CaCO3 and Taebaek pumice applied as inorganic additives. The solid fuel was produced through a low-temperature torrefaction process, followed by high-pressure molding and hydrocarbon-based surface coating, and its fuel quality was evaluated in accordance with the EN ISO 17225-6 standard. Under optimized conditions, the produced fuel satisfied key quality requirements, including heating value, moisture content, ash content, and fixed carbon content, and exhibited compressive strength exceeding 10 MPa, ensuring adequate mechanical stability for handling and transportation. In addition, water resistance was improved by approximately 20% compared to conventional coffee-ground pellets, while statistical analysis confirmed that torrefaction temperature and CaCO3 content have a significant effect on fuel performance. Furthermore, combustion residue analysis verified the conversion of CaCO3 to CaO, suggesting the potential recyclability of the combustion residues.

Keywords
Seashell
Non-woody biomass
Solid fuel
Low-temperature heat treatment
CaO conversion rate

본 논문은 커피박을 주된 유기 연료원으로 활용하고 조개껍질 유래 CaCO3 및 태백 경석을 무기 첨가제로 적용한 비목질계 바이오매스 고형연료의 연료 성능과 연소 잔재 특성을 규명하였다. 저온 토리파이드 공정과 고압 성형, 탄화수소계 표면 코팅을 통해 고형연료를 제조하였으며, 연료 품질 평가는 EN ISO 17225-6 기준에 따라 수행되었다. 그 결과 최적 조건에서 제조된 연료는 발열량, 수분·회분 함량, 고정탄소 함량 등 주요 품질 지표에서 기준을 충족하였고, 압축강도 10MPa 이상으로 취급 및 운송에 적합한 기계적 안정성을 확보하였다. 또한 내수성은 기존 커피박 펠릿 대비 약 20% 향상되었으며, 통계 분석 결과 토리파이드 온도와 CaCO3 함량이 연료 성능에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 더불어 연소 잔재 분석을 통해 CaCO3의 CaO 전환이 확인되어 잔재의 재활용 가능성이 제시되었다.

키워드
조개껍질
비목질계 바이오매스
고형연료
저온 열처리
CaO 전환율
References
1

Bridgwater, A. V. (2012), Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading, Biomass and Bioenergy, pp. 68~94.

10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048
2

Demirbas, A. (2001), Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and chemicals, Energy Conversion and Management, 42(11), pp. 1357~1378.

10.1016/S0196-8904(00)00137-0
3

European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (2021), EN ISO 17225-6: Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes — Part 6: Non-woody pellets and briquettes, Brussels, Belgium.

4

IPCC (2019), 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 5: Waste, Geneva, Switzerland.

10.21513/0207-2564-2019-2-05-13
5

Kaliyan, N. and Morey, R. V. (2009), Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products, Biomass and Bioenergy, 33(3), pp. 337~359.

10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.08.005
6

Marin, F., Luquet, G., Marie, B. and Medakovic, D. (2008), Molluscan shell proteins: Primary structure, origin, and evolution, Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 80, pp. 209~276.

10.1016/S0070-2153(07)80006-8
7

Pan, J. R., Huang, C. and Lin, S. H. (2009), Reuse of scallop shells as calcium source for waste treatment and materials, Waste Management, 29(8), pp. 1999~2005.

10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.008
8

Park, S., Lee, J. and Kim, Y. (2018), Properties of coffee-ground-derived briquettes and combustion characteristics, Renewable Energy, 115, pp. 1022~1030.

9

Yao, Z. T., Xia, M. S., Li, H. Q., Chen, T., Ye, Y. and Zheng, H. (2014), Mechanical and thermal properties of oyster shell powder as reinforcement in polymer composites, Materials & Design, 55, pp. 267~275.

10

Yoon, S. H., Kim, J. H. and Lee, S. M. (2020), Low-temperature torrefaction of biomass residues for solid fuel production, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 88, pp. 95~104.

Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 27
  • No :3
  • Pages :29-33
  • Received Date : 2026-01-16
  • Revised Date : 2026-01-23
  • Accepted Date : 2026-02-02
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2026.27.3.29
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • orcid
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close