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2025 Vol.26, Issue 3
Analysis of Fish Response Characteristics to Physical Environmental Factor Exposure: A Case Study

물리적 환경 요인에 따른 어류 반응 특성 분석(사례연구)

Kwangdeok Kim1
,
Jeongho Han2
,
Seungyoon Lee3
,
Jahyun Kim4*
김 광덕1
,
한 정호2
,
이 승윤3
,
김 자현4*
1Researcher, K-water Research Institute, Korea Water Resources Corporation
2Senior Researcher, Water Environmental Management Department, Korea Water Resources Corporation
3Head Researcher, K-water Research Institute, Korea Water Resources Corporation
4Senior Researcher, K-water Research Institute, Korea Water Resources Corporation
*Corresponding Author
1 March 2025. pp. 5-15
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Abstract

Fish-kill is caused by a combination of various causes such as natural, artificial, and environmental stressors, making it difficult to determine the exact causes. In order to provide basic data for a manual for responding to fish-kill occurring in dam or reservoir, physical environment factors and fish species were identified through analysis of fish-kill occurring in dam and weirs managed by K-water. As a result of exposure tests for the various physical environment factors, various symptoms with different aspects depending on the exposure conditions were observed, such as hyperventilation, surface swimming, raising the mouth, seizures, lethargy, reduced breathing and activity, cold shock, gill bleeding and corrosion, mucus secretion, blood coagulation, and depigmentation of the epidermis, deposition of foreign substances in the gills and skin, and mucus secretion were observed. As a result of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze RNA expression characteristics under various exposure conditions, a total of 17,340 significant genes were extracted, and the expression rate of genes related to cell and enzyme activity was confirmed to be increased. These findings are expected to enable rapid identification of fish-kill causes, reducing the time, labor, and costs associated with analysis through observation of characteristic symptoms.

Keywords
Fish-Kill
Dissolved oxygen
Water temperature
pH
Turbidity

어류폐사는 자연적 영향, 인위적 영향, 환경 스트레스 영향 등 다양한 원인이 복합적으로 작용하여 발생하기 때문에 정확한 원인 규명에 어려움이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 댐호에서 발생하는 어류 폐사 대응 매뉴얼의 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 K-water에서 관리하고 있는 댐호 및 보 등에서 발생한 어류 폐사 분석을 통해 물리적 폐사 요인과 어종을 선정하고 노출 실험 및 유전자 분석을 실시하여 주요 증상 및 유전자 발현양상을 비교·분석하였다. 다양한 물리적 노출 실험 결과, 용존산소(DO) 고갈의 경우, 과호흡, 수표면 유영, 입올림 증상이 관찰되었고, 고수온 조건에서 과호흡, 수표면 유영, 초기 발작, 무기력증 등의 증상이 관찰되었으며, 저수온 조건에서 호흡 및 활동성 감소, 기절(Cold Shock) 등의 증상을 보였다. 산성 노출 조건에서는 아가미 출혈 및 부식, 발작 등의 증상이 관찰되었고, 염기성 노출 조건에서는 점액질 분비, 혈액 응고, 과호흡, 발작 등의 증상이 관찰되었다. 고탁도 노출 조건에서는 표피 탈색, 아가미 및 피부 등 이물질 침착, 점액질 분비 등의 증상을 보였다. 다양한 노출 조건에서의 RNA 발현 특성을 분석하기 위해 차세대 염기서열 분석을 실시한 결과 총 17,340개의 유의미한 유전자가 추출되었으며, 세포 및 효소의 활성과 관련된 유전자의 발현 비율이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 어류 폐사 발생 시 나타나는 증상 관찰을 통해 원인을 스크리닝하여 분석에 소요되는 시간, 인력, 비용을 줄이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
어류 폐사
용존산소
수온
pH
탁도
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 26
  • No :3
  • Pages :5-15
  • Received Date : 2024-12-30
  • Revised Date : 2025-01-21
  • Accepted Date : 2025-02-18
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2025.26.3.5
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