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2026 Vol.27, Issue 9 Preview Page
Verification of Nonlinear Dynamic Numerical Model for Levees through Comparison with Centrifuge-based Physical Model

원심모형 기반 물리모델과의 비교를 통한 제방 비선형 동적수치모델 검증

Hyunwoo Hwang1
,
Donghyeong Choi2
,
Taehyuk Kwon3
,
Wonyeop Baek4
,
Sangok Jeon5
,
Duhee Park6*
황 현우1
,
최 동형2
,
권 태혁3
,
백 원엽4
,
전 상옥5
,
박 두희6*
1Graduate Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University
2Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
3Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
4Principal Researcher, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Rural Research Institute (KRC)
5Director, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Rural Research Institute (KRC)
6Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University
*Corresponding Author
1 September 2026. pp. 43-52
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Abstract

This study compared the seismic responses of a levee reproduced by a centrifuge experiment and nonlinear FLAC 2D analysis to evaluate the applicability of the numerical model. The numerical model was developed by reproducing the cross-sectional geometry, soil stratification, input motions, and sensor locations of the KAIST centrifuge experiment. Horizontal acceleration time histories recorded at the bedrock location were applied as base input motions. Initial dynamic soil properties were estimated from resonant column test (RCT) results and checked against bender element (BE) test measurements. Strain-dependent soil behavior was represented by fitting layer-specific sig3 models to RCT-based and Darendeli-based dynamic soil property curves. The responses to the Hachinohe, Northridge, and Ofunato earthquake motions were compared in terms of acceleration time histories, depth-wise and spatial PGA distributions, response spectra, and cumulative settlement. The centrifuge test and numerical analysis showed similar timing and overall patterns of the major acceleration responses. Both approaches consistently reproduced the increase in acceleration toward the levee crest, dominant amplification periods near the levee surface, and concentration of residual deformation around the central crest region. These results demonstrate that the adopted FLAC 2D procedure can reproduce the major seismic response characteristics of the levee and can be used to evaluate acceleration amplification and post-earthquake residual deformation under similar conditions.

Keywords
Centrifuge experiment
Levee
FLAC 2D
Nonlinear numerical analysis
sig3
Dynamic soil property curves

본 연구에서는 동일한 제방 단면의 지진응답을 원심모형실험과 FLAC 2D 비선형 수치해석으로 재현하고, 비교를 통해 수치모델의 적용성을 검토하였다. 원심모형실험의 단면 형상, 지층 구성, 입력지진파 및 계측 위치를 반영하여 수치모델을 구축하였으며, 기반암에서 계측된 수평가속도 시간이력을 하부 입력운동으로 적용하였다. 초기 동적 물성은 공진주 시험(Resonant Column Test, RCT) 결과를 바탕으로 산정하고 벤더 엘리먼트 시험(Bender Element Test, BE 시험) 결과와 비교하였다. 지반의 변형률 의존적 비선형 거동은 RCT 및 Darendeli 경험식 기반 동적특성곡선을 FLAC의 sig3 함수에 층별로 피팅하여 적용하였다. Hachinohe, Northridge 및 Ofunato 지진파에 대해 가속도 시간이력, PGA 심도분포와 공간분포, 응답스펙트럼 및 누적침하를 비교하였다. 원심모형실험과 수치해석은 주요 가속도 응답의 발생 시점과 전반적인 양상에서 유사한 결과를 보였다. 또한 제방 상부로 갈수록 PGA가 증가하는 분포, 0.2–0.4 s 부근의 주요 증폭 주기대역 및 중앙부 L2에서 최대 침하가 발생하는 특성이 공통적으로 나타났다. 비교 결과, 적용한 FLAC 2D 모델링 절차는 제방의 주요 가속도 증폭 및 잔류변형 특성을 적절히 재현하였으며, 유사한 조건의 제방에 대한 비선형 지진응답 평가에 활용될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
원심모형실험
제방
FLAC 2D
비선형수치해석
sig3
동적특성곡선
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 27
  • No :9
  • Pages :43-52
  • Received Date : 2026-07-29
  • Revised Date : 2026-08-04
  • Accepted Date : 2026-08-21
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2026.27.9.43
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