All Issue

2026 Vol.27, Issue 1 Preview Page
Effect of Amplitude Dispersion Index (ADI) at PS-InSAR Method for Number of PS Point

진폭 분산 수치(ADI)의 영향에 따른 PS-InSAR 영구 산란 포인트 수의 변화

Ilhyeon Seo1
,
Kyungwon Park2
,
Inwoo Hwang3
,
Dongku Kim4
,
Junbeom An5
,
Chulhee Lee5
,
Donggyou Kim6
,
Boohyun Nam7*
서 일현1
,
박 경원2
,
황 인우3
,
김 동구4
,
안 준범5
,
이 철희5
,
김 동규6
,
남 부현7*
1Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, KyungHee University
2Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, KyungHee University
3Master Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, KyungHee University
4Senior Researcher, Department of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT)
5Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT)
6Senior Research Fellow, Department of Geotechnical Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT)
7Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, KyungHee University
*Corresponding Author
1 January 2026. pp. 23-31
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Reclaimed land undergoes prolonged consolidation due to repeated filling and landfilling during formation, leading to cumulative long-term subsidence. Therefore, continuous monitoring of large-scale areas is essential. For this reason, the need for InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar), a measurement technique capable of continuous monitoring over large areas, has emerged. This study addresses this need by applying a Persistent Scatterer-based PS-InSAR technique to the Saemangeum Industrial Research Area using C-band Sentinel-1 data. It examines the impact of the amplitude dispersion index threshold (DA), a key parameter in persistent scatterer selection, on the results. To this end, A was varied incrementally from 0.4 to 0.6 in 0.1 steps. Quantitative comparisons were made using the number of PS points, the variability of displacement time series, and the standard deviation of ground deformation rates across the entire analysis area as indicators. The analysis results revealed a trade-off: as A increased, the number of PS points increased significantly, but simultaneously, the variability of the displacement time series data increased, leading to reduced stability. Furthermore, the standard deviation of the ground deformation rate for all PS points increased. Therefore, it is recommended to select input values for each target area based on the trade-off between the density of the analysis results and the reliability of the results, depending on the input value of A. This study visually represents the changes in analysis result density and the variability of time-series displacement data according to A variations. By quantitatively evaluating the standard deviation values for each condition, it provides a reference standard for future parameter selection in PS-InSAR analysis of reclaimed land.

Keywords
PS-InSAR
Amplitude dispersion index
Time series deformation
Reclaimed land
Deformation rate distribution

간척지는 형성 시 반복적인 성토와 매립으로 압밀이 장기화되어 장기적으로 침하가 누적되므로, 광역 지역에 대한 지속적인 관측이 필요하다. 이러한 이유로 광역 지역에 대해 지속적으로 모니터링이 가능한 계측 기법인 InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 필요성에 대응하여 새만금 산업연구용지를 대상으로 C-band에 속하는 Sentinel-1 자료를 사용하여 영구 산란자 기반 PS-InSAR 기법을 적용하고, 영구 산란자 선택에 있어 핵심 매개변수인 진폭 분산 지수 임계값(A)이 결과에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 A를 0.4부터 0.6까지 0.1 단위로 변경하고, PS 포인트 수와 시계열 변위의 변동성, 해석 전 영역에 대한 지반 변형 속도의 표준편차를 지표로 삼아 정량적으로 비교하였다. 해석 결과, A가 증가할수록 PS 포인트가 유의미하게 증가하는 반면, 동시에 시계열 변위 데이터의 변동성이 증가하여 안정성이 낮아지는 상충 관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 전체 PS 포인트에 대한 지반 변형 속도의 표준편차가 증가하였다. 따라서 A의 입력값에 따라 해석 결과의 밀도와 결과의 신뢰성 사이의 상충 관계로 인한 대상 지역별 입력값을 선정하는 것이 권장된다. 본 연구에서는 A의 변화에 따른 해석 결과의 밀도 변화 및 시계열 변위 데이터의 변동성을 시각적으로 나타내고, 각 조건 별 표준편차를 정량적으로 평가함으로 추후 간척지의 PS-InSAR 해석상의 매개변수 선택에 참고 기준으로 활용될 수 있다.

키워드
PS-InSAR
진폭 분산 지수
시계열 변위
간척지
변형 속도 분포
References
1

Bamler, R. and Hartl, P. (1998), Synthetic aperture radar interferometry, Inverse problems, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 39~44.

10.1088/0266-5611/14/4/001
2

Chaussard, E., Amelung, F., Abidin, H. and Hong, S. H. (2013), Sinking cities in Indonesia: ALOS PALSAR detects rapid subsidence due to groundwater and gas extraction, Remote sensing of environment, Vol. 128, No. 1, pp. 150~161.

10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.015
3

Colesanti, C. and Wasowski, J. (2006), Investigating landslides with space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry, Engineering geology, Vol. 88 No. 3~4, pp. 173~199.

10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.013
4

Crosetto, M., Monserrat, O., Cuevas-González, M., Devanthéry, N. and Crippa, B. (2016), Persistent scatterer interferometry: A review, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 115, pp. 78~89.

10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.011
5

Ferretti, A., Fumagalli, A., Novali, F., Prati, C., Rocca, F. and Rucci, A. (2011), A new algorithm for processing interferometric data-stacks: SqueeSAR, IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 3460~3470.

10.1109/TGRS.2011.2124465
6

Ferretti, A., Prati, C. and Rocca, F. (2002a), Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry, IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 2202~2212.

10.1109/36.868878
7

Ferretti, A., Prati, C. and Rocca, F. (2002b), Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry, IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 8~20.

10.1109/36.898661
8

Galloway, Devin L. and Thomas J. Burbey. Regional land subsidence accompanying groundwater extraction. Hydrogeology Journal(2011): Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 1459~1486.

10.1007/s10040-011-0775-5
9

Hanssen, R. F. (2001), Radar interferometry: data interpretation and error analysis, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 161~196.

10.1007/0-306-47633-9
10

Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H. and Wasle, E. (2008), GNSS—global navigation satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and more, Vienna: Springer Vienna, pp. 460~466.

11

Hooper, A., Segall, P. and Zebker, H. (2007), Persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar for crustal deformation analysis, with application to Volcán Alcedo, Galápagos, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 112, No. B7.

10.1029/2006JB004763
12

Hooper, A., Spaans, K., Bekaert, D., Cuenca, M. C., Arıkan, M. and Oyen, A. (2010), StaMPS/MTI manual, Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg, 1, 2629.

13

Hooper, A., Zebker, H., Segall, P. and Kampes, B. (2004), A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers, Geophysical research letters, Vol. 31, No. 23, pp. 10029~10034.

10.1029/2004GL021737
14

Kavanagh, B. F. and Mastin, T. B. (2014), Surveying: Principles and applications, N.J: Pearson. pp. 22~54.

15

Massonnet, D. and Feigl, K. L. (1998), Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the Earth’s surface, Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 441~500.

10.1029/97RG03139
16

Mora, O., Mallorqui, J. J. and Broquetas, A. (2003), Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric SAR images, IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, Vol. 41, No.10, pp. 2243~2253.

10.1109/TGRS.2003.814657
17

Park, K., Kim, Y. J., Chen, J. and Nam, B. H. (2024), InSAR-based investigation of ground subsidence due to excavation: a case study of Incheon City, South Korea, International Journal of Geo-Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 1, 26.

10.1186/s40703-024-00230-4
18

Parizzi, A. and Brcic, R. (2010), Adaptive InSAR stack multilooking exploiting amplitude statistics: A comparison between different techniques and practical results, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 441~445.

10.1109/LGRS.2010.2083631
19

Pepe, A. and Calò, F. (2017), A review of interferometric synthetic aperture RADAR (InSAR) multi-track approaches for the retrieval of Earth’s surface displacements, Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 12, 1264.

10.3390/app7121264
20

Perissin, D. and Wang, T. (2011), Repeat-pass SAR interferometry with partially coherent targets, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 271~280.

10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160644
21

Raspini, F., Bianchini, S., Ciampalini, A., Del Soldato, M., Solari, L., Novali, F., ... and Casagli, N. (2018), Continuous, semi-automatic monitoring of ground deformation using Sentinel-1 satellites, Scientific reports, Vol. 8, No. 1, 7253.

10.1038/s41598-018-25369-w29740009PMC5940901
22

Rosen, P. A., Hensley, S., Joughin, I. R., Li, F. K., Madsen, S. N., Rodriguez, E. and Goldstein, R. M. (2002), Synthetic aperture radar interferometry, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 333~382.

10.1109/5.838084
23

Torres, R., P. Snoeij, Geudtner, D., Bibby, D., M.W. Davidson, Attema, E.P.W., Potin, P., Rommen, B., Floury, N., Brown, M., IN Traver, P Deghaye, B Duesmann, B Rosich, N Miranda, C Bruno, M L'Abbate, R Croci, A Pietropaolo, M Huchler, F Rostan (2012), GMES Sentinel-1 mission, Remote sensing of environment, Vol. 120, No. 5, pp. 9~24.

10.1016/j.rse.2011.05.028
24

Wang, H., Wright, T. J., Yu, Y., Lin, H., Jiang, L., Li, C. and Qiu, G. (2012), InSAR reveals coastal subsidence in the Pearl River Delta, China, Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 191, No. 3, pp. 1119~1128.

10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05687.x
25

Xue, F., Lv, X., Dou, F. and Yun, Y. (2020), A review of time-series interferometric SAR techniques: A tutorial for surface deformation analysis, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 22~42.

10.1109/MGRS.2019.2956165
26

Zebker, H. O. W. A. R. D. A. and Villasenor, J. (1992), Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes, IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 950~959.

10.1109/36.175330
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지반환경공학회 논문집
  • Volume : 27
  • No :1
  • Pages :23-31
  • Received Date : 2025-11-25
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-03
  • Accepted Date : 2025-12-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2026.27.1.23
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society Journal of the Korean Geo-Environmental Society
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • orcid
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close